nThe land of Edom has
desolated several times, but rather permanently
since about 650 AD.
nIsrael took vengeance
on the Edomites about 125 BC by conquering them
and forcing them to adopt Judaism or die.
nSeveral attempts to
rebuild Edom have been thrown down.
nEven with a fortified
city like Petra, the territory has been conquered and
desolated.